2 MARKS
UNIT
1
PRODUCTION
SYSTEM
1.what is production?
Any process or procedure developed to
transform a set of input elements like men, materials, capital information and
energy in to a specified set of output elements like finished products or
services in proper quantity or quality.
It is a process by which goods and services
are created.
2.what is a system?
System is a
regularly interacting or inter depending group of items forming a unified
whale.
3.what is meant by production system?
Production system is a set of interrelated
component or sub-system which receives the input from the environment transform
it in to desirable outputs.
It includes all functions require to design
produce, distribute, etc…
Eg: garments, car, computer, mobile phone
4.Mention the nature of production system?
System,Organisational function,Transformation process,Creating
utility
5.What is
production management?
It refers to the application of
management principles to a production of factory. Factory system
6.What is operation management?
It is
a process in which resources or input are converted in to more useful products.
7. What are the objectives of production management?
1.
Maximizing the customer
through
2.
Good quality
3.
Employee satisfaction
4.
Production possible
5.
Maximum efficiency
6.
Possible profit (or)
return of investment
7.
Ultimate aim or production
8. What is agile management?
The ability to adapt quickly to change in
volume of demand in the product mix demanded and in product design or in
delivery schedule, as become a major competitive strategy and competitive
advantage to the firm.
9. What is process production?
The process are interlink and production is
carried out on continuously through a uniform and standardised sequence manner
/ operations. Eg: crude oil, extraction.
10.What is intermitant production?
Facility must be flexible enough to handle
a variety of products and sizes or where the basic nature of the activity
imposes change of important characteristics of the input similarly.
11.
What is the nature of strategic management?
It is usually a formulation of goals and a set
of action plans for accomplishment of the goals.
12. What is strategic management?.
It is the process of formulation,
implementing and evaluating strategy to achieve organizational goals.
When it is
defined as set of managerial decisions and actions that determines long term performance operation.
13. What is procuring?
It is
a series of steps and processes by a firm to acquire the required
components to produce goods & services it
is also called as “procuring”.
It is the act of moving some of the firm
internal activities and decision responsibilities to external providers the
activity to be outstores may be encompassed and entire function or may entile
an activity embedded within a function
14. What do you mean by country factors?
Resource
availability, Infrastructure, Community, Culture
15. What is contract manufacturing?
It is an arrangement where in an
international business place orders with local manufactures for the production
of products that are expected to sell locally or exported to foreign countries.
16. What is supply chain management?
It is a sequence of organization facility function
that are involved in producing and delivering a product.
Unit 2
Forecasting Capacity Techniques
1. What is forecast?
It is a estimate of an event which will
happen in future. It is only an estimate based on the past data related to a particular
event, proper care must be given in estimating it.
2.
What are the types of forecast?
1.
Technological
forecasting
2.
Economic forecasting
3.
Demand forecasting.
3.
What are the elements of good forecast?
The good forecast should be
1.
Accurate
2.
Timely reliable
3.
Meaning full units
4.
Written form simple to
understand & use
4.
What are the objectives of demand forecasting?
1.
Short range objectives
2.
Long range objectives
5.
What is naïve approach?
It is a simple way to forecast in which the forecast of demand for the
next period is assumed to be equal to the actual demand in the current period.
6.
Compare exponential smoothing with trend adjustments?
Simple exponential smoothing method must be modified when a trend is present to adjust . forecast including
trend
Forecast including trend(fit)t=ft+Tt
.
Ft=exponential smooth
forecast
Tt=exponential smooth
trend.
β=(0
α,β1)
α,β1)
ft=α(At-1)+(1-α)(ft-1+Tt-1)
t=β(ft-ft-1)+(1-β)Tt-1
A=actual demand of this period.
Ft=forecast of the last
period.
Tt=trend of the last
period.
Y=α+βx
7.
What is capacity planning?
The amount of output a system is
capable of achieving over a specific period of time is called capacity
planning.
8.
What are the types of capacity?
Production capacity, Design
capacity, Effective capacity, Maximum capacity, Measures of capacity
9.
What is capacity cushion?
It is an addition amount of
production capacity over and above the required capacity to meet the expected
demand.
10.
What is diseconomics of scale?
Above a certain level of output addition volume of output results in
ever increasing average unit cost this phenomenon is known as diseconomics of
scale.
11.
What is experience curve?
The concept that avous a firm to increase the production capacity
without additional capital investment.
12.
Methods of selecting among alternative capacity?
1.
Break even analysis
2.
Financial analysis
3.
Decision theory
13.
What is aggregate production planning?
It is the process of determining output levels of products growth over
the next to 16-18 month period on a
weekly or monthly basis. It indicate the overall level of output determining the
business plan.
14.
What is aggregate capacity planning?
It is the process of devising a plan for providing a production capacity
scheme to support intermediate range sales forecast.
15.
What is rough cut capacity planning?
Tenitative master production schedule to test is feasibility in terms of
capacity before MPS (Master Production Schedule) is finalized.
16.
What is production capacity?
Production capacity is defined as
maximum production rate or facility of a plan.
17.
What is capacity decisions?
It involves capacity decisions that must merge consumer demands with
human, materials and financial resources of the organization.
18.
What is capacity requirement planning?
It is a technique to determine the labour and equipment capacity needed to
meet the objectives.
19.
What is master production schedule ?
It sets the quantity of each finished product to be completed in each
time period of short range planning horizon.
20.
What are the functions of mps?
1.
Translating aggregate
plan
2.
Evaluating alternative
master schedule
3.
Generating material
requirements
4.
Generating capacity
requirements
5.
Facilitating
information processing
6.
Maintaining valid
priorities
7.
Effectively utilizing
the capacity
21.What
is resource requirement planning?
Determination of the amount and timing of production resources needed to
produce finished products as per master production schedule. It is also called
as rough cut capacity planning. It is used to evaluate the feasibility of a
trial mps.
22.
What are the objectives of material resource planning?
1.
To improve the customer
service by meeting the delivery schedule promise & shortening the delivery
lead time.
2.
To reduce inventory cast by reducing inventory
levels.
3.
To improve plan
operating efficiency by better use of productive resources.
23.
What is MRP input?
It is a inventory status file it
gives complete and u to date information on the on-hand inventories, gross
requirements, scheduled receipt, and planned order releases for the item.
24.
What is bill of material?
It provides the information recording all the materials parts and the
subassembly that go in to the end product.
25.
What is product explosion?
It is the process of determining from the product structure and planned
order releases and the gross requirements for components.
26.
What is pegging?
It is the process of tracing mrp records and all the levels of the
product structure to identify how changes in the record of one components with
affects the record of the other component.
27.
What is cyclic counting?
Counting on on hand inventory at
regular intervals to verify inventory quantities shown in theMRP.
28.
What is time fence?
It designated the length of time that must pass without changing the mps
to stabilize the mrp system.
29.
What is period order quantity?
It also order quantity and lot sizing policy in which order quantity
varies according to a comparision of holding order cost.
30.
What is manufacturing resource planning II?
It addresses the planning a control activity
related to materials, capacity, finance , engineering , sales & marketing.
31.
What is closed loop MRP II?
A system built around material requirement planning I and also including
additional planning functions such as crp & mps.
32.
What is distribution requirement planning?
A time phased stock replenishment plan for all levels of a distribution
network using the MRP planning logic.
33.
What is Enterprise Resource Planning?
A software package developed for optimum use of resources of an
enterprise in a planned manner it intergrates the entire enterprise in a planned manner it intergrates the entire
enterprise starting from the supplier to the customer covering logistics,
financial & human resources.
34.
What is tracking signal?
It is a measurement of how well the forecasting is predicting actual
values.
Tracking signal= running sum of forecast errors
Mean
absolute deviation
35 What is
meant by Reliability ?
Reliability of data refers to the aspects of
data which make it consistent over long periods of time
36 Difference between Correlation coefficient &
regression coefficient.: correlation
coefficient for short is a measure
of the degree of linear relationship between two variables, usually
labeled X and Y. While in regression the emphasis is on predicting one variable
from the other, in correlation the emphasis is on the degree to which a linear
model may describe the relationship between two variables. In regression the
interest is directional, one variable is predicted and the other is the
predictor; in correlation the interest is non-directional, the relationship is
the critical aspect.
UNIT
3
DESIGN
OF PRODUCE SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEM
1.
What are the factors influencing product design?
1.
Customer requirements
2.
Convinence of the
operator or user
3.
Trade off between form
and function types of material used
4.
Work methods &
equipments
5.
Cost/price ratio
6.
Product quality process
capability
7.
Effect on existing
product
8.
Packaging
2.
What is values engineering?
It is concerned with the improvement of design & specification at
various stages of product planning & development.
3.
What is process planning?
It is concerned with planning the conversion process needed to convert
the raw material in to finished product.
1.
Process design
2.
Operation design
5.
What is process selection?
It refers to the way of production of goods & services is organized.
6.
What is process management?
It refers with the selection of inputs, operation, workflows &
methods & transform inputs to output.
7.
What is product strategy?
It is an organization process for the selection of resource inputs in to
output.
8.
What is process strategy?
1.
Process
focus(carpenting, printing, jobshop)
2.
Repetive
focus(motorcycle, automobiles)
3.
Product focus(skilled
operators)
9.
What is vertical integration?
The amount of production & distribution chain which is brought under
the ownership of a firm.
1.
Backward integration
ex: reliance company
2.
Forward integration ex:
Indian oil corporation limited
10.
What is capital intensity?
Predominant resources used in
manufacturing consists of machines & equipments rather than human labour.
Advantage: product quality superior
Disadvantage: low volume, high
capital.
11.
What is flexibility?
Ability to respond fast to the need of customer .
Ability of the production system to change quickly from production of one
product service to another.
12.
What are the steps involved in work study?
Method study work study work
measurement
Select
select
Record record
examine
Operation flow motion firm 
Process
chart process chart chart analysis chart define
Examine breakdown
Develop
measure
|
 |
||
Define time synthesis analytical
study estimating
install
estimate normal time
to achieve
13.
What is work study?
It is a systematic critical examination of factor affecting productivity
for the purpose of improvement.
Work study is the body of knowledge
concern with the analysis of work method and the standard of proposed work
method.
14. What are the objectives of work study?
1.
Present of doing and any
2.
To measure the work content of the job
3.
To measure the one qualified employee
time required of possible workman
4.
Increase I productivity
5.
To improve the operation efficiency.
15.
What is simultaneous motion (SIMO) chart?
Movement of the body members of the operator expressed in terms of therbigs
on common time scale
16.
What is cyclic graph?
Movement of hand by exposing from movement of place light emitted from
small bulb attacked to the operation figure.
17.
What is chromo cyclic graph?
It is the modification of cyclic graph
in which recording is made using flash lights
18.
What is method study?
It is the systematic recording analyst and critical examination of
existing and proposed ways of doing work and development application of easier
and new production method.
19
What is meant by Concurrent Engineering or Simultaneous Engineering?
Concurrent engineering,
also known as simultaneous engineering, is a non-linear product or project
design approach during which all phases of manufacturing operate at the same
time - simultaneously.
Both product and process design run in
parallel and occur in the same time frame. Product and process are closely
coordinated to achieve optimal matching of requirements for effective cost,
quality, and delivery
UNIT
-4
MATERIALS
MANAGEMENT
1.
What are the types of inventory cost?
·
Ordering cost
·
Carrying cost
2. What is capital cost?
It is the loss of interest on money involved invested in inventory
building & inventory control equipment.
3. What is inventory control?
When to replenish the inventory of an item.
How much of an item to order when the inventory of the item is to be
replenished.
4.
What is economic order quantity?
The sum of ordering cost& carrying cost for each item order size
which is equal to total cost. The ordersize at which the total cost is minimum
is caused economic quantity q=optimal order size.
5.
What is back order?
The time or order will be received instaneous and they are consumed at a
constant rate. The purchase price per unit remains same irrespective of order
size. If there is no stock at the time of receiving a request for the items, it
is assued that it will be satisfied at a later data with a penalty.
6.
What are the types of wastages in JIT?
Over
production , Higher cost waiting time & delay ,Unnecessary handling or
transportation ,Unnecessary inventory ,Processing waste, Inefficient work
methods, Defective products.
UNIT5
PROJECT
& FACILITY PLANNING
1.
What is a project?
A project is a set of activities that use resources to accomplish the
goals & objectives
2.
What is project management?
It is a decipline of planning, organizing, managing resources to bring
about the successful completion of specific project goals & objectives.
3.
What are the challenges for project management?
1.
To achieve all the
project goals & objectives while honouring the project constrain like
scope, budget, time.
2.
To optimize the
allocation & integration of inputs necessary to meet predefined objective.
4.
What are the features of project management?
1.
Total accountability
2.
Project dedication
3.
Requirement for
co-ordination intregrated planning & control
5.
What is the importance of project management?
·
Global competition
·
Knowledge explotion
·
Corporate downsizing.
·
Increased customer
focus
·
Rapid development of
economics of nation
6.
What is project life cycle?
·
Concept phase
·
Initial planning or
feasibility phase.
·
Detailed planning phase
·
Organization phase
·
Execution phase
termination phase
7.
What is project management process?
·
Planning
·
Scheduling
·
Control
·
Team
·
Matrix organization
·
Project manager
·
Scope statement
·
Statement of work
organization breakdown structure
·
Responsibility
assignment matrix
8.
What is work break down schedule?
Individual elements components of a work, hierarchical structure which
can be scheduled .
9.
What is resource availability or limits?
Resource availability due date, late penalities, activity
information identify all required activities.
10. What is schedule of project management?
Gantt
chart 1.graph
or bar chart for CRM(Customer Relationship Management) 2.provide visual
display pert schedule
11. What is Gantt chart?
It is a diagrammatic or graphical depiction
of time duration of activities against a given period corresponding to the
master scheduled. It is a horizontal bar chart to keep track of progress of a
project.
12. What is project network?
Network analysis is the general name given
to contain specific techniques which can be used for the planning management
& control of projects.
13. What is an arrow?
Indicate activity & event nodes
A nodes is
represented by a circle indicate event a point in time where one or more
activities start and finish.
14. What is dummy activity?
Indicates only
precedence relationship does not require any time of effort.
15. What is event?
Signals
the beginning or ending of an activity
Designates
a point in time
Represented
by a circle
16. What is network?
Shows the sequential relationship among activities
using nodes and arrows.
17. What is slack variable or float?
The amount of time that an activity or group of activity can
slip without causing a delay in the completion of the project.
18. What is project crashing?
Reducing project
time,
Crash cost cost
of reducing activity time.
19. What is facility location or plant location?
Plant location is a function of determining location for a
plant for maximum operating economy & effectiveness it become importance.
20. What is the importance of facility location?
factors Financial,Employment
factors, distribution
21. What is the objectives of location decision?
·
organization to
maximize the potential profit
·
To have competitive
advantage
·
To maximize the best of
the location of the firm
·
To identify the best
location for the firm or to find a number of acceptable location from which to
choose one
22. What is the importance of location?
Long term commitment often to have a impact
on investment required, operating cost& revenues as per as well as
operation
23. What is the general procedure for making a
location?
1.
Evaluation criteria for
deciding the alternative location
2.
Identify the critical
factor(raw material, market proximity)
3.
Developing the
alternatives
4.
Evaluating the
alternatives
24. What are the methods which evaluate the location
decision method?
Factor
rating method, Break even analysis method ,Quantitative method
25. What is facility layout?
It refers to the configuration of departments
work centers & equipments & machinery with follow of materials or work
through the production system.
It involves decision about the fiscal
arrangement of economic activity center with in a facility.
26. What are the tools & techniques of layout?
Template
Operation sequence analysis different work
center
Line
balancing
Analyzing
the layout using computers
